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Affective Acting: An Appraisal-based Architecture for Agents as Actors
Abstract
Emotion plays a central role in engaging drama. The conflicts between the
characters in a play and the emotions involved in resolving them are the constituents
of a dramatic structure, a plot. This premise leads to the assumption
that a cast of characters driven by a simulation of the process described by
the appraisal theory of emotion might realize dramatic structures by simply
interacting in an environment that is prone to conflict. This should even be
possible without any directing entity that controls the characters. Using an
appraisal-based architecture is thus seen as a key to construct emotionally and
dramatically believable characters for interactive drama.
This thesis presents the ActAffAct project, an effort to test these ideas with
an implementation of such characters in order to gain experiences about the
feasibility and the involved complexity. A belief-desire-intention architecture
for software agents is extended by an appraisal component following a psychological
model of the appraisal process. Key features of different theories
of drama are considered during the construction of the environment and the
internal setup of the synthetic actors. Goals, standards and preferences as well as emotional expressions and coping activities are not only central aspects of theories of emotion but can also provide a dramatic structure with the causal relationships needed to set it apart from a mere sequence of actions. ActAffAct succeeds to create such structures,
if only for a rather limited meaning of drama. It nevertheless shows a
promising direction for further work.
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